---
title: Those that are fools, those that lack wisdom, say to themselves: ‘We… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Those that are fools, those that lack wisdom, say to themselves: ‘We’ll do good.’ Who acts: that, fools, We. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 148

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Those that are fools, those that lack wisdom, say to themselves: ‘We’ll do good.’

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**Who acts:** that, fools, We · **What happens:** be, lack, say, do · **To what, where:** fools, wisdom, good · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, fools, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:157
# text = Those that are fools, those that lack wisdom, say to themselves: ‘We’ll do good.’
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	fools	fool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj:outer	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
15	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
19	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that | that fools |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lack** | present |  | wisdom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | that fools |  | fools *= fool* |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to themselves=Recipient |
| 4 | **do** | future | We | good |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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