---
title: When the Teacher had related this Story of the Past, he said: “Thus,… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: When the Teacher had related this Story of the Past, he said: “Thus, monks, even animals, when they walk in forbidden ground, fall into the hands of their adversaries; but when they walk in their own ground, in the region of their fathers, they humble their adversaries. Who acts: Teacher, monks. A s
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 27

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When the Teacher had related this Story of the Past, he said: “Thus, monks, even animals, when they walk in forbidden ground, fall into the hands of their adversaries; but when they walk in their own ground, in the region of their fathers, they humble their adversaries.

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**Who acts:** Teacher, monks · **What happens:** relate, say, walk, fall, humble · **To what, where:** Story, forbidden ground, hands, own ground, adversaries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher, monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:28
# text = When the Teacher had related this Story of the Past, he said: “Thus, monks, even animals, when they walk in forbidden ground, fall into the hands of their adversaries; but when they walk in their own ground, in the region of their fathers, they humble their adversaries.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Teacher	Teacher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	related	relate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	Story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Past	Past	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	forbidden	forbidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
38	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
39	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	41	mark	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	advcl	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
44	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
54	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	nsubj	_	_
55	humble	humble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
56	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
57	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relate** | past · perfect | the Teacher | this Story of the Past |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **walk** *in a quote* | present | monks and animals |  |  | forbidden ground |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ground=Trajectory |
| 4 | **fall** *in a quote* | infinitive | monks and animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the hands of monks's adversaries *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hand=Result |
| 5 | **walk** *in a quote* | present | monks *= monk* |  |  | monks's own ground |  | in the region of monks's fathers | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ground=Trajectory |
| 6 | **humble** *in a quote* | present | monks *= monk* | monks's adversaries |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus adversary=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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