---
title: A hawk flying strong, attacked with violence A quail standing in his… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: A hawk flying strong, attacked with violence A quail standing in his feeding-ground, and thus met death. Who acts: hawk, quail. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 32

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A hawk flying strong, attacked with violence A quail standing in his feeding-ground, and thus met death.

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**Who acts:** hawk, quail · **What happens:** fly, attack, stand, meet · **To what, where:** hawk, feeding ground, death

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, quail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:33
# text = A hawk flying strong, attacked with violence A quail standing in his feeding-ground, and thus met death.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	quail	quail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	feeding	feeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | gerund | a hawk *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **attack** | participle · passive |  | a hawk |  |  |  | with violence | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | a quail *not said here* |  |  | hawk's feeding ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location |
| 4 | **meet** | past |  | death |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent death=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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