---
title: Now when the hawk had thus met his death, the quail came out and exc… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when the hawk had thus met his death, the quail came out and exclaimed: “I have seen the back of my enemy!” Who acts: hawk, quail. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 33

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Now when the hawk had thus met his death, the quail came out and exclaimed: “I have seen the back of my enemy!”

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**Who acts:** hawk, quail · **What happens:** meet, come out, exclaim, see, die · **To what, where:** death, back · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, quail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:34
# text = Now when the hawk had thus met his death, the quail came out and exclaimed: “I have seen the back of my enemy!”
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	quail	quail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
14	out	out	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past · perfect | the hawk | hawk's death |  |  | now | thus *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent death=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **come out** | past | the quail |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | the quail *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the quail *= quail* | the back of my enemy |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer back=Stimulus |
| 5 | **die** |  | hawk |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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