---
title: The Teacher, seeing wounded men lying here and there, asked those la… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The Teacher, seeing wounded men lying here and there, asked those lay disciples: “Here are many men who are in a bad way. Who acts: Teacher, wounded men, many men. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 52

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The Teacher, seeing wounded men lying here and there, asked those lay disciples: “Here are many men who are in a bad way.

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**Who acts:** Teacher, wounded men, many men · **What happens:** see, lie, ask, be · **To what, where:** wounded men, lay disciples, many men, bad way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher, wounded men, many men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:56
# text = The Teacher, seeing wounded men lying here and there, asked those lay disciples: “Here are many men who are in a bad way.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	wounded	wounded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
14	lay	lay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	ccomp	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund | the Teacher *not said here* | wounded men |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | wounded men *not said here* |  |  | here; there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the Teacher | that lay disciples |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent disciple=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | many men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | many men |  |  | a bad way |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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