---
title: The Future Buddha, hearing of that incident, thought: “For even an e… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The Future Buddha, hearing of that incident, thought: “For even an enemy in this world, if only he be a wise man, is better!” Who acts: Future Buddha, Buddha, incident. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 99

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The Future Buddha, hearing of that incident, thought: “For even an enemy in this world, if only he be a wise man, is better!”

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**Who acts:** Future Buddha, Buddha, incident · **What happens:** think, be, hear · **To what, where:** wise man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha, Buddha, incident), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:13:104
# text = The Future Buddha, hearing of that incident, thought: “For even an enemy in this world, if only he be a wise man, is better!”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Future	Future	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	incident	incident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	For	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	ccomp	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
22	only	only	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	cop	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the Future Buddha |  |  |  |  | a enemy in this world and a wise man *ccomp* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | infinitive | Buddha | a wise man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the Future Buddha *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hear** |  | that incident |  |  |  |  |  | nom hearing «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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