--- title: Now that caravan-leader told his drivers what that man had said, and… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: Now that caravan-leader told his drivers what that man had said, and gave orders as follows: “Throw away the old grass, sticks, and water; with lightly burdened carts start the caravan forward.” Who acts: caravan leader, man, burdened carts. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Bur --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/115/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/) / 115 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 115 Now that caravan-leader told his drivers what that man had said, and gave orders as follows: “Throw away the old grass, sticks, and water; with lightly burdened carts start the caravan forward.” **Who acts:** caravan leader, man, burdened carts · **What happens:** tell, say, give, follow, throw away, burden · **To what, where:** drivers, orders, old grass, caravan · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (caravan leader, man, burdened carts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:14:123 # text = Now that caravan-leader told his drivers what that man had said, and gave orders as follows: “Throw away the old grass, sticks, and water; with lightly burdened carts start the caravan forward.” 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 6 advmod _ _ 2 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 det _ _ 3 caravan caravan NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 4 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 5 leader leader NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 drivers driver NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 iobj _ _ 9 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 6 obj _ _ 10 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ _ 11 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 12 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 17 orders order NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 as as SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 19 follows follow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 21 “ " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 Throw throw VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ _ 23 away away ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 sticks stick NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 lightly lightly ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 burdened burden VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 amod _ _ 36 carts cart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 37 start start VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 caravan caravan NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 forward forward ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ” " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | that caravan leader | | leader's drivers | | now | what *obj* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | that man | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **give** | past | that caravan leader *not said here* | orders | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme | | 4 | **follow** | present | that caravan leader *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **throw away** *in a quote* | infinitive | that caravan leader *not said here* | the old grass and sticks | | | | water *obl*; away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme | | 6 | **burden** *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | lightly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **start** *in a quote* | present | burdened carts | the caravan | | | | forward *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caravan=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 114](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/114/) - next →: [sentence 116](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/116/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/)