--- title: When the second caravan-leader knew, “It is now a long time since th… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: When the second caravan-leader knew, “It is now a long time since that caravan started out,” he loaded his carts with abundant grass and sticks and water, and started his caravan forward. Who acts: second caravan leader, caravan, leader. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burling --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/120/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/) / 120 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 120 When the second caravan-leader knew, “It is now a long time since that caravan started out,” he loaded his carts with abundant grass and sticks and water, and started his caravan forward. **Who acts:** second caravan leader, caravan, leader · **What happens:** know, be, start out, load, stick, start · **To what, where:** long time, carts, water, caravan · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (second caravan leader, caravan, leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:14:128 # text = When the second caravan-leader knew, “It is now a long time since that caravan started out,” he loaded his carts with abundant grass and sticks and water, and started his caravan forward. 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 3 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 6 amod _ _ 4 caravan caravan NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 leader leader NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 9 “ " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 12 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 15 advmod _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 ccomp _ _ 16 since since SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 17 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ _ 18 caravan caravan NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 started start VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 advcl _ _ 20 out out ADP RP _ 19 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ” " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 loaded load VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 25 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 carts cart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 abundant abundant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 sticks stick VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 started start VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 37 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 caravan caravan NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 forward forward ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 . . PUNCT . _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | past | the second caravan leader | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | caravan | a long time | | | now | | tree rules | | 3 | **start out** *in a quote* | past | that caravan | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **load** | past | leader | leader's carts | | | | with abundant grass | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent cart=Destination with grass=Theme | | 5 | **stick** | present | leader *not said here* | water | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 6 | **start** | past | leader *not said here* | leader's caravan | | | | forward *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caravan=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 119](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/119/) - next →: [sentence 121](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/121/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/)