---
title: And of those that were in that caravan, whether men or beasts, they… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And of those that were in that caravan, whether men or beasts, they saw only the bare bones, for they had been eaten by that ogre, by that demon. Who acts: beasts, ogre. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 139

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And of those that were in that caravan, whether men or beasts, they saw only the bare bones, for they had been eaten by that ogre, by that demon.

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**Who acts:** beasts, ogre · **What happens:** be, see, eat · **To what, where:** caravan, bare bones, beasts

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beasts, ogre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:14:147
# text = And of those that were in that caravan, whether men or beasts, they saw only the bare bones, for they had been eaten by that ogre, by that demon.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	obl	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	ogre	ogre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	33	det	_	_
33	demon	demon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  | that caravan |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | beasts *= beast* | the bare bones |  |  |  | of those whether men or beasts | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Stimulus |
| 3 | **eat** | past · perfect · passive | that ogre | beasts *= beast* |  |  |  | that demon *conj* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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