---
title: Thereupon that caravan-leader addressed his drivers: “This caravan h… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Thereupon that caravan-leader addressed his drivers: “This caravan here met destruction and ruin solely through the folly of that foolish caravan-leader who acted as its guide. Who acts: caravan leader, caravan, foolish caravan leader. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingam
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 140

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Thereupon that caravan-leader addressed his drivers: “This caravan here met destruction and ruin solely through the folly of that foolish caravan-leader who acted as its guide.

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**Who acts:** caravan leader, caravan, foolish caravan leader · **What happens:** address, meet, ruin, act · **To what, where:** drivers, destruction, folly

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (caravan leader, caravan, foolish caravan leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:14:148
# text = Thereupon that caravan-leader addressed his drivers: “This caravan here met destruction and ruin solely through the folly of that foolish caravan-leader who acted as its guide.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
3	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	addressed	address	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
14	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	ruin	ruin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	folly	folly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	nsubj	_	_
24	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	acted	act	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **address** | past | that caravan leader |  | leader's drivers |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Destination |
| 2 | **meet** *in a quote* | past | this caravan | destruction |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent destruction=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **ruin** *in a quote* | present | this caravan *not said here* |  |  | the folly of foolish caravan leader  that |  | solely *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **act** *in a quote* | past | foolish caravan leader  that |  |  |  |  | as caravan's guide | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as guide=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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