---
title: And they passed in safety through that wilderness solely through the… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And they passed in safety through that wilderness solely through the wisdom of that wise caravan-leader who acted as their guide. Who acts: drivers, wise caravan leader. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 144

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And they passed in safety through that wilderness solely through the wisdom of that wise caravan-leader who acted as their guide.

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**Who acts:** drivers, wise caravan leader · **What happens:** pass, act · **To what, where:** safety

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (drivers, wise caravan leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:14:152
# text = And they passed in safety through that wilderness solely through the wisdom of that wise caravan-leader who acted as their guide.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj	_	_
15	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	acted	act	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | drivers *= driver* |  |  | safety |  | through that wilderness; through the wisdom of wise caravan leader  that; solely *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme through wilderness=Initial\_Location through wisdom=Destination |
| 2 | **act** | past | wise caravan leader  that |  |  |  |  | as drivers's guide | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as guide=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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