---
title: And to them the Teacher, as it were a young lion roaring the lion’s… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And to them the Teacher, as it were a young lion roaring the lion’s roar on a table-land in the Himālaya mountains, as it were a cloud thundering in the rainy season, as it were bringing down the Heavenly Ganges, as it were weaving a rope of jewels, with a voice like that of Great Brahmā, endowed wi
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 150

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And to them the Teacher, as it were a young lion roaring the lion’s roar on a table-land in the Himālaya mountains, as it were a cloud thundering in the rainy season, as it were bringing down the Heavenly Ganges, as it were weaving a rope of jewels, with a voice like that of Great Brahmā, endowed with the Eight Excellences, captivating the ear, delighting the heart, preached a pleasing discourse on the Doctrine, diversified in divers ways.

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**Who acts:** body, young lion, cloud, Teacher, lion · **What happens:** be, roar, thunder, bring down, weave, endow · **To what, where:** young lion, roar, table land, Heavenly Ganges, rope, ear

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (body, young lion, cloud, Teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:14:159
# text = And to them the Teacher, as it were a young lion roaring the lion’s roar on a table-land in the Himālaya mountains, as it were a cloud thundering in the rainy season, as it were bringing down the Heavenly Ganges, as it were weaving a rope of jewels, with a voice like that of Great Brahmā, endowed with the Eight Excellences, captivating the ear, delighting the heart, preached a pleasing discourse on the Doctrine, diversified in divers ways.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	80	cc	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	80	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Teacher	Teacher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	80	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
13	roaring	roar	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’s	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	roar	roar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Himālaya	Himālaya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
33	thundering	thunder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	acl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
40	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
43	down	down	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	Heavenly	heavenly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	Ganges	Ganges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
48	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	51	mark	_	_
49	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
50	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux	_	_
51	weaving	weave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	42	conj	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	with	with	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
60	like	like	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	59	nmod	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	_
64	Brahmā	Brahmā	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
66	endowed	endow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	59	conj	_	_
67	with	with	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
68	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
69	Eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	70	nummod	_	_
70	Excellences	excellence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
71	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
72	captivating	captivate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	42	conj	_	_
73	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	74	det	_	_
74	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
76	delighting	delight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	72	conj	_	_
77	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	78	det	_	_
78	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	76	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
80	preached	preach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
81	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	83	det	_	_
82	pleasing	pleasing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	83	amod	_	_
83	discourse	discourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	80	obj	_	_
84	on	on	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
85	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
86	Doctrine	Doctrine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	80	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	88	punct	_	_
88	diversified	diversify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	91	amod	_	_
89	in	in	ADP	IN	_	90	case	_	_
90	divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	88	obl	_	_
91	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	80	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
92	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	80	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | body | a young lion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **roar** | gerund | a young lion *not said here* | the lion's roar |  | a table land in the Himālaya mountains |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location roar=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | body |  |  |  |  | as a cloud | tree rules |
| 4 | **thunder** | gerund | a cloud *not said here* |  |  |  | season |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **bring down** | past · progressive | body |  | the Heavenly Ganges |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument ganges=Destination |
| 6 | **weave** | past · progressive | body | a rope of jewels |  |  |  | with a voice like that of Great | vn build-26.1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material rope=Product |
| 7 | **endow** | participle | body *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the Eight Excellences | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with excellence=Theme |
| 8 | **captivate** | gerund | body *not said here* | the ear |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ear=Experiencer |
| 9 | **delight** | gerund | body *not said here* | the heart |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heart=Experiencer |
| 10 | **preach** *speech: other* | past | the Teacher | a pleasing discourse | offerings *= offering* | the Doctrine |  | diversified ways *obl:unmarked* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent discourse=Topic to they=Recipient |
| 11 | **diversify** | participle |  |  |  | divers |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 12 | **roar** |  | the lion |  |  |  |  |  | nom roar «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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