---
title: The foolish caravan-leader who went first was not resourceful. — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The foolish caravan-leader who went first was not resourceful. Who acts: foolish caravan leader. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 113

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The foolish caravan-leader who went first was not resourceful.

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**Who acts:** foolish caravan leader · **What happens:** go, not be

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foolish caravan leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:15:113
# text = The foolish caravan-leader who went first was not resourceful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	advmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	resourceful	resourceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the foolish caravan leader |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | the foolish caravan leader |  |  |  |  | resourceful *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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