---
title: But at this time the wind was ahead; therefore that caravan-leader r… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: But at this time the wind was ahead; therefore that caravan-leader rode in front. Who acts: wind. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 41

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But at this time the wind was ahead; therefore that caravan-leader rode in front.

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**Who acts:** wind · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** time

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:15:41
# text = But at this time the wind was ahead; therefore that caravan-leader rode in front.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
12	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	rode	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the wind | this time and that leader rode in front *not said here* |  |  |  | ahead *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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