---
title: As the carts passed, one after another, he inquired: “Where are you… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: As the carts passed, one after another, he inquired: “Where are you going with these carts?” Who acts: carts, Friend, you. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 50

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As the carts passed, one after another, he inquired: “Where are you going with these carts?”

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**Who acts:** carts, Friend, you · **What happens:** pass, inquire, go · **To what, where:** one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carts, Friend, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:15:50
# text = As the carts passed, one after another, he inquired: “Where are you going with these carts?”
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	carts	cart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	inquired	inquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	carts	cart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | the carts | one |  |  | after another |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme one=Trajectory |
| 2 | **inquire** *speech: other* | past | Friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  | with this carts | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with cart=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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