---
title: “The cart that approaches last moves as though it were excessively h… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: “The cart that approaches last moves as though it were excessively heavy; what goods have you in that?” Who acts: cart, forest. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 54

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“The cart that approaches last moves as though it were excessively heavy; what goods have you in that?”

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**Who acts:** cart, forest · **What happens:** approach, be, have · **To what, where:** last moves, you, that

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cart, forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:15:54
# text = “The cart that approaches last moves as though it were excessively heavy; what goods have you in that?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	approaches	approach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	moves	move	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
9	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	excessively	excessively	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	obj	_	_
16	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	17	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approach** *in a quote* | present | the cart | last moves |  |  |  |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent move=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | forest |  |  |  |  | excessively, heavy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | the cart | you |  | that |  | what *obj*; goods *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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