---
title: Without a doubt this fellow caused the foolish caravan-leader who we… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Without a doubt this fellow caused the foolish caravan-leader who went first to throw away all his water, and having thus brought weariness upon him and his company, devoured them. Who acts: fellow, foolish caravan leader. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, p
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 80

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Without a doubt this fellow caused the foolish caravan-leader who went first to throw away all his water, and having thus brought weariness upon him and his company, devoured them.

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**Who acts:** fellow, foolish caravan leader · **What happens:** cause, go, throw away, have, bring, devour · **To what, where:** foolish caravan leader, water, brought weariness, men

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellow, foolish caravan leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:15:80
# text = Without a doubt this fellow caused the foolish caravan-leader who went first to throw away all his water, and having thus brought weariness upon him and his company, devoured them.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
17	away	away	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
24	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	weariness	weariness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	devoured	devour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | this fellow | the foolish caravan leader |  |  |  | without a doubt | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition leader=Patient |
| 2 | **go** | past | the foolish caravan leader |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **throw away** | to-infinitive | the foolish caravan leader *not said here* | fellow's water |  |  |  | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | gerund | this fellow *not said here* | brought weariness |  |  |  | upon fellow | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weariness=Patient |
| 5 | **bring** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **devour** | past | this fellow *not said here* | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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