---
title: And the old woman, overwhelmed with the burden of her grief, began t… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And the old woman, overwhelmed with the burden of her grief, began to look again and again at the youth, and to lament her misfortune in the following words: “Alas, my son! thou that wast obtained by me at the cost of a hundred bitter pangs! Who acts: old woman, Jīmūta. A sentence of «The grateful e
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 100

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And the old woman, overwhelmed with the burden of her grief, began to look again and again at the youth, and to lament her misfortune in the following words: “Alas, my son! thou that wast obtained by me at the cost of a hundred bitter pangs!

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**Who acts:** old woman, Jīmūta · **What happens:** overwhelm, begin, look, lament, follow, obtain · **To what, where:** old woman, misfortune, following words, thou, cost, grief

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old woman, Jīmūta), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:16:104
# text = And the old woman, overwhelmed with the burden of her grief, began to look again and again at the youth, and to lament her misfortune in the following words: “Alas, my son! thou that wast obtained by me at the cost of a hundred bitter pangs!
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	overwhelmed	overwhelm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	burden	burden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	again	again	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	again	again	ADV	RB	_	17	conj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	lament	lament	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	amod	_	_
32	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
34	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	Alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	35	punct	_	_
40	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	43	nsubj:pass	_	_
41	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	43	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux:pass	_	_
43	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	acl:relcl	_	_
44	by	by	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	43	obl	_	_
46	at	at	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
50	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	53	nummod	_	_
52	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	pangs	pang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overwhelm** | participle |  | the old woman *not said here* |  |  |  | with the burden of woman's grief | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the old woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | the old woman *not said here* |  |  |  | again; again | at the youth | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at youth=Theme |
| 4 | **lament** | to-infinitive | the old woman *not said here* | youth's misfortune |  | the following words |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer misfortune=Stimulus |
| 5 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **obtain** *in a quote* | past · passive | Jīmūta | thou |  | the cost of hundred bitter pangs |  | the following words *nsubj:pass* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 7 | **burden** |  |  | woman's grief |  |  |  |  | nom burden «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 8 | **cost** *in a quote* |  |  | hundred bitter pangs |  |  |  |  | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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