---
title: In the meantime the lioness died of hunger in the cave, and the lion… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: In the meantime the lioness died of hunger in the cave, and the lion went off somewhere or other with his cub, and so the night came to an end. Who acts: lioness, lion, night. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 12

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In the meantime the lioness died of hunger in the cave, and the lion went off somewhere or other with his cub, and so the night came to an end.

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**Who acts:** lioness, lion, night · **What happens:** die, go off, come · **To what, where:** end

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lioness, lion, night), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:16:12
# text = In the meantime the lioness died of hunger in the cave, and the lion went off somewhere or other with his cub, and so the night came to an end.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	meantime	meantime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lioness	lioness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	off	off	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	cub	cub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | the lioness |  |  |  |  | of hunger; in the cave; in the meantime | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in meantime=Attribute |
| 2 | **go off** | past | the lion |  |  |  |  | with lion's cub; somewhere *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | the night |  |  |  | to a end |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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