---
title: On a ridge of the Himālaya stands a city called the Golden City, for… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: On a ridge of the Himālaya stands a city called the Golden City, for it gleams from afar like the rays of the sun. And in that city, once upon a time, lived the king of the fairies, and his name was Jīmūta-ketu. Who acts: city, name, Fairy. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burl
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 23

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On a ridge of the Himālaya stands a city called the Golden City, for it gleams from afar like the rays of the sun. And in that city, once upon a time, lived the king of the fairies, and his name was Jīmūta-ketu.

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**Who acts:** city, name, Fairy · **What happens:** stand, call, gleam, live, be, ray · **To what, where:** city, ridge, afar, king, Jīmūta ketu, sun. · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, name, Fairy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:16:25
# text = On a ridge of the Himālaya stands a city called the Golden City, for it gleams from afar like the rays of the sun. And in that city, once upon a time, lived the king of the fairies, and his name was Jīmūta-ketu.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Himālaya	Himālaya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	gleams	gleam	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	afar	afar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	17	advmod	_	_
32	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	fairies	fairy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
44	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
47	Jīmūta	Jīmūta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	ketu	ketu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present |  | a city |  | a ridge of the Himālaya |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent city=Theme on ridge=Destination |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a city *not said here* |  |  |  | the Golden City *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **gleam** | present | city |  |  | afar |  | like the rays of the sun. and that city; once *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **live** | past |  | the king of the fairies |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme king=Location |
| 5 | **is a** | past | Fairy's name | Jīmūta ketu |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **ray** |  |  | the sun. and that city |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **name** |  | Fairy |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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