---
title: Then the wise boar arose from his bed and went out of his cave and s… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the wise boar arose from his bed and went out of his cave and said to the lion: “My good friend, do not despair. Who acts: wise boar, good friend. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 3

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Then the wise boar arose from his bed and went out of his cave and said to the lion: “My good friend, do not despair.

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**Who acts:** wise boar, good friend · **What happens:** arise, go out, say, not despair · **To what, where:** bed, cave, lion · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wise boar, good friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:16:3
# text = Then the wise boar arose from his bed and went out of his cave and said to the lion: “My good friend, do not despair.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	boar	boar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	despair	despair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | the wise boar |  |  | boar's bed | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go out** | past | the wise boar *not said here* | boar's cave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the wise boar *not said here* |  | the lion |  |  | My good friend *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to lion=Recipient |
| 4 | **not** **despair** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support | My good friend *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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