---
title: Kadrū said that the horses of the Sun were black, and Vinatā said th… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Kadrū said that the horses of the Sun were black, and Vinatā said that they were white, and they made a wager that whichever of the two was wrong should become a slave of the other. Who acts: Kadrū, horses, Vinatā, two. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 59

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Kadrū said that the horses of the Sun were black, and Vinatā said that they were white, and they made a wager that whichever of the two was wrong should become a slave of the other.

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**Who acts:** Kadrū, horses, Vinatā, two, whichever · **What happens:** say, be, make, become · **To what, where:** wager, whichever, slave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kadrū, horses, Vinatā, two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:16:62
# text = Kadrū said that the horses of the Sun were black, and Vinatā said that they were white, and they made a wager that whichever of the two was wrong should become a slave of the other.
1	Kadrū	Kadrū	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	Vinatā	Vinatā	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wager	wager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	det	_	_
26	whichever	whichever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	acl	_	_
32	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl:relcl	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	xcomp	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kadrū |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the horses of the Sun |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Vinatā |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | past | Kadrū |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **make** | past | Kadrū | a wager |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wager=Product |
| 6 | **is** | past | the two | that whichever *not said here* |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **become** | should | that whichever | a slave of the other |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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