---
title: And he wrought such havoc among them that the snakes in Pātāla were… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And he wrought such havoc among them that the snakes in Pātāla were nigh unto death from sheer fright, and their females miscarried, and the whole race of the snakes was nigh unto utter destruction. Who acts: Griffin, snakes, females, whole race. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watso
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 81

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And he wrought such havoc among them that the snakes in Pātāla were nigh unto death from sheer fright, and their females miscarried, and the whole race of the snakes was nigh unto utter destruction.

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**Who acts:** Griffin, snakes, females, whole race · **What happens:** wrought, be, miscarry, race · **To what, where:** such havoc, sheer fright

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Griffin, snakes, females, whole race), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:16:84
# text = And he wrought such havoc among them that the snakes in Pātāla were nigh unto death from sheer fright, and their females miscarried, and the whole race of the snakes was nigh unto utter destruction.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrought	wrought	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	havoc	havoc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Pātāla	Pātāla	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	nigh	nigh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	sheer	sheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	miscarried	miscarry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	nigh	nigh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
35	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	utter	utter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrought** | past | Griffin | such havoc |  |  |  | among snakes *= snake* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the snakes in Pātāla |  |  | sheer fright |  | unto death; nigh *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **miscarry** | participle | snakes's females |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | the whole race of the snakes |  |  |  |  | unto utter destruction; nigh *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **race** |  | the snakes |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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