---
title: The illustration to Story 3, _Elephant and forester_, shows the Futu… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The illustration to Story 3, _Elephant and forester_, shows the Future Buddha, in the form of a pure white elephant, reclining like a cow, and willingly permitting the ungrateful forester to cut off his two tusks. Who acts: illustration. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burling
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 2, sentence 100

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The illustration to Story 3, \_Elephant and forester\_, shows the Future Buddha, in the form of a pure white elephant, reclining like a cow, and willingly permitting the ungrateful forester to cut off his two tusks.

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**Who acts:** illustration · **What happens:** show, recline, permit, cut off, form · **To what, where:** Future Buddha, ungrateful forester, two tusks, pure white elephant

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (illustration), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:2:104
# text = The illustration to Story 3, _Elephant and forester_, shows the Future Buddha, in the form of a pure white elephant, reclining like a cow, and willingly permitting the ungrateful forester to cut off his two tusks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illustration	illustration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Story	Story	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	forester	forester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Future	Future	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
28	like	like	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	willingly	willingly	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	ungrateful	ungrateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	forester	forester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	advcl	_	_
40	off	off	ADP	RP	_	39	compound:prt	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
42	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the illustration to Story |  | the Future Buddha |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent buddha=Recipient |
| 2 | **recline** | gerund | the illustration to Story *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a cow | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **permit** | gerund | the illustration to Story *not said here* | the ungrateful forester |  |  |  | willingly *property* | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forester=Theme |
| 4 | **cut off** | to-infinitive | the illustration to Story *not said here* | forester's two tusks |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector tusk=Eventuality |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | a pure white elephant |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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