---
title: For example, as a generous elephant (3), he gives his tusks to an un… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: For example, as a generous elephant (3), he gives his tusks to an ungrateful forester who has betrayed him. Who acts: Gotama, ungrateful forester. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 2, sentence 19

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For example, as a generous elephant (3), he gives his tusks to an ungrateful forester who has betrayed him.

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**Who acts:** Gotama, ungrateful forester · **What happens:** give, betray · **To what, where:** tusks, ungrateful forester, Gotama

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gotama, ungrateful forester), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:2:20
# text = For example, as a generous elephant (3), he gives his tusks to an ungrateful forester who has betrayed him.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	generous	generous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	ungrateful	ungrateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	forester	forester	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Gotama | Gotama's tusks | a ungrateful forester |  |  | for example as a generous elephant | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent tusk=Theme for example=Asset to forester=Recipient |
| 2 | **betray** | present · perfect | a ungrateful forester | Gotama |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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