---
title: The illustration to Story 22, _Monkey-gardeners_, is taken from Cunn… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The illustration to Story 22, _Monkey-gardeners_, is taken from Cunningham, Plate xlv. Who acts: illustration. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 11

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The illustration to Story 22, \_Monkey-gardeners\_, is taken from Cunningham, Plate xlv.

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**Who acts:** illustration · **What happens:** story, take, plate · **To what, where:** 22, illustration, Cunningham, xlv

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (illustration), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:3:11
# text = The illustration to Story 22, _Monkey-gardeners_, is taken from Cunningham, Plate xlv.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illustration	illustration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Story	story	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	22	22	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	gardeners	gardener	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Cunningham	Cunningham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Plate	plate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
19	xlv	xlv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **story** | infinitive | the illustration *not said here* | 22 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present · passive |  | the illustration |  | Cunningham |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme from cunningham=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **plate** | infinitive |  | xlv |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme xlv=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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