---
title: They went out by the very path by which the water came in, cleft the… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: They went out by the very path by which the water came in, cleft the stream, and went until they reached the tree-trunk bestridden by the royal prince. Who acts: crores, water. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 139

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They went out by the very path by which the water came in, cleft the stream, and went until they reached the tree-trunk bestridden by the royal prince.

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**Who acts:** crores, water · **What happens:** go out, come in, cleft, go, reach, bestride · **To what, where:** stream, tree trunk

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crores, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:3:145
# text = They went out by the very path by which the water came in, cleft the stream, and went until they reached the tree-trunk bestridden by the royal prince.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	cleft	cleft	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
21	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
28	bestridden	bestride	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | crores *= crore* |  |  |  |  | by the path | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come in** | past | the water |  |  |  |  | by the path | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by which=Location |
| 3 | **cleft** | infinitive | crores *= crore* *not said here* | the stream |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | past | crores *= crore* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **reach** | past | crores *= crore* | the tree trunk |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent trunk=Theme |
| 6 | **bestride** | participle |  | the tree trunk *not said here* |  |  |  | by the royal prince | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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