---
title: In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, there was a carpen… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, there was a carpenters’ settlement not far from Benāres. Who acts: Brahmadatta. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 24

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In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, there was a carpenters’ settlement not far from Benāres.

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**Who acts:** Brahmadatta · **What happens:** rule, be · **To what, where:** Benāres, settlement

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Brahmadatta), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:3:26
# text = In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, there was a carpenters’ settlement not far from Benāres.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	past	past	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	Brahmadatta	Brahmadatta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Benāres	Benāres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	carpenters	carpenter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	’	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Benāres	Benāres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Brahmadatta |  |  | Benāres |  | past *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a carpenters's settlement |  |  |  | a carpenters *nmod:poss*; far *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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