--- title: But when the king of Kosala, who ruled over the country immediately… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: But when the king of Kosala, who ruled over the country immediately adjoining, heard that the king was dead, he reflected: “The kingdom, they say, is empty;” and came with a large army and surrounded the city. Who acts: king, children, kingdom, large army. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/71/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/) / 71 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 71 But when the king of Kosala, who ruled over the country immediately adjoining, heard that the king was dead, he reflected: “The kingdom, they say, is empty;” and came with a large army and surrounded the city. **Who acts:** king, children, kingdom, large army · **What happens:** rule, adjoin, hear, be, reflect, say · **To what, where:** country, kingdom, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, children, kingdom, large army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:3:73 # text = But when the king of Kosala, who ruled over the country immediately adjoining, heard that the king was dead, he reflected: “The kingdom, they say, is empty;” and came with a large army and surrounded the city. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 2 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Kosala Kosala PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 ruled rule VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 10 over over ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 immediately immediately ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 adjoining adjoin VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 16 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 that that SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 20 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 reflected reflect VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 26 “ " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 27 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 34 empty empty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 36 ” " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 39 with with ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 army army NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 surrounded surround VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 42 acl _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rule** | past | the king of Kosala | | | the country | | who *nsubj* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **adjoin** | gerund | the king of Kosala *not said here* | | | | | immediately *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **hear** | past | | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **is** | past | the king | | | | | dead *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **reflect** | past | king | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | children *= child* | the kingdom *not said here* | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent kingdom=Topic | | 7 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the kingdom | | | | | empty *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **come** | past | king *not said here* | | | | | with a large army | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **surround** | participle | a large army *not said here* | the city | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme city=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 70](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/70/) - next →: [sentence 72](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/72/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/)