---
title: But that other, the man, because it was his custom to betray his fri… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: But that other, the man, because it was his custom to betray his friends, said not so much as a word according to custom. Who acts: other, rice, man. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 29

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But that other, the man, because it was his custom to betray his friends, said not so much as a word according to custom.

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**Who acts:** other, rice, man · **What happens:** man, be, betray, not say, accord · **To what, where:** custom, friends · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other, rice, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:4:31
# text = But that other, the man, because it was his custom to betray his friends, said not so much as a word according to custom.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	betray	betray	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	ccomp	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	case	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **man** |  | that other |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | rice | man's custom |  |  |  | man *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 3 | **betray** | to-infinitive | that other *not said here* | man's friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | past | the man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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