---
title: When he reached manhood, he retired from the world and adopted the l… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: When he reached manhood, he retired from the world and adopted the life of an ascetic, and building a leaf-hut at a certain bend in the river, took up his abode there. Who acts: Buddha. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 3

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When he reached manhood, he retired from the world and adopted the life of an ascetic, and building a leaf-hut at a certain bend in the river, took up his abode there.

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**Who acts:** Buddha · **What happens:** reach, retire, adopt, build, take up · **To what, where:** manhood, world, life, leaf hut, certain bend, abode

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:4:4
# text = When he reached manhood, he retired from the world and adopted the life of an ascetic, and building a leaf-hut at a certain bend in the river, took up his abode there.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	manhood	manhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ascetic	ascetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
34	up	up	ADP	RP	_	33	compound:prt	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	abode	abode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	33	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Buddha | manhood |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent manhood=Theme |
| 2 | **retire** | past | Buddha |  |  | the world |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from world=Source |
| 3 | **adopt** | past | Buddha *not said here* | the life of a ascetic |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 4 | **build** | gerund | Buddha *not said here* | a leaf hut |  | a certain bend in the river |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hut=Product |
| 5 | **take up** | past | Buddha *not said here* | Buddha's abode |  | there |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abode=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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