---
title: [_Native gloss_: A stick of wood washed up on dry land is of some us… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: [_Native gloss_: A stick of wood washed up on dry land is of some use: it will cook food; it will warm those who are shivering with the cold; it will remove dangerous objects. Who acts: stick. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tre
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 61

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\[\_Native gloss\_: A stick of wood washed up on dry land is of some use: it will cook food; it will warm those who are shivering with the cold; it will remove dangerous objects.

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**Who acts:** stick · **What happens:** wash up, be, cook, warm, shiver, remove · **To what, where:** stick, dry land, food, those, dangerous objects

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:4:65
# text = [_Native gloss_: A stick of wood washed up on dry land is of some use: it will cook food; it will warm those who are shivering with the cold; it will remove dangerous objects.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gloss	gloss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	nsubj	_	_
19	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	cook	cook	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
24	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	warm	warm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
29	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	obj	_	_
30	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	acl:relcl	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
40	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash up** | participle |  | a stick of wood *not said here* |  | dry land |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a stick of wood |  |  |  |  | Native gloss *obl*; use *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cook** | future | stick | food |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument food=Patient |
| 4 | **warm** | future | stick | those |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 5 | **shiver** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | with the cold; who *nsubj* | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **remove** | future | stick | dangerous objects |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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