---
title: And rising in all quarters, they slew him, even as he sat on the bac… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And rising in all quarters, they slew him, even as he sat on the back of the elephant, by hitting him with arrows and spears and rocks and clubs. Who acts: quarters, king. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 72

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And rising in all quarters, they slew him, even as he sat on the back of the elephant, by hitting him with arrows and spears and rocks and clubs.

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**Who acts:** quarters, king · **What happens:** rise, slay, sit, hit · **To what, where:** quarters, king, back

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (quarters, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:4:76
# text = And rising in all quarters, they slew him, even as he sat on the back of the elephant, by hitting him with arrows and spears and rocks and clubs.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	quarters	quarter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | gerund | quarters *= quarter* *not said here* |  |  | all quarters |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in quarter=Location |
| 2 | **slay** | past | quarters *= quarter* | king |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 3 | **sit** | past | king |  |  | the back of the elephant |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location |
| 4 | **hit** | gerund | king *not said here* | king |  |  |  | with arrows and spears and rocks and clubs | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with arrow=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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