---
title: And Dīghīti king of Kosala heard: “Brahmadatta king of Kāsi, they sa… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And Dīghīti king of Kosala heard: “Brahmadatta king of Kāsi, they say, has drawn up his fourfold army, and is come up against me.” Who acts: Dīghīti king, vehicles. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 5, sentence 153

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And Dīghīti king of Kosala heard: “Brahmadatta king of Kāsi, they say, has drawn up his fourfold army, and is come up against me.”

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**Who acts:** Dīghīti king, vehicles · **What happens:** hear, say, draw up, come up · **To what, where:** Brahmadatta king, fourfold army · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dīghīti king, vehicles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:5:159
# text = And Dīghīti king of Kosala heard: “Brahmadatta king of Kāsi, they say, has drawn up his fourfold army, and is come up against me.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Dīghīti	Dīghīti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Kosala	Kosala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Brahmadatta	Brahmadatta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Kāsi	Kāsi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	fourfold	fourfold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
27	up	up	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	against	against	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Dīghīti king of Kosala | Brahmadatta king of Kāsi |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | vehicles *= vehicle* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **draw up** *in a quote* | present · perfect |  | King's fourfold army |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Theme |
| 4 | **come up** *in a quote* | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | against vehicles *= vehicle* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: against i=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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