---
title: And this was her craving: She desired at sunrise to see a fourfold a… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And this was her craving: She desired at sunrise to see a fourfold army drawn up, clad in armor, standing in a pleasant place, and to drink the rinsings of swords. Who acts: this, Kosala. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 5, sentence 163

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And this was her craving: She desired at sunrise to see a fourfold army drawn up, clad in armor, standing in a pleasant place, and to drink the rinsings of swords.

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**Who acts:** this, Kosala · **What happens:** be, desire, see, draw up, clad, stand · **To what, where:** craving, fourfold army, armor, pleasant place, rinsings, swords

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, Kosala), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:5:169
# text = And this was her craving: She desired at sunrise to see a fourfold army drawn up, clad in armor, standing in a pleasant place, and to drink the rinsings of swords.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	craving	craving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	desired	desire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	fourfold	fourfold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	clad	clad	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	armor	armor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	rinsings	rinsing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | this | Kosala's craving |  |  |  | Kosala *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 2 | **desire** | past | Kosala | Kosala's craving *not said here* |  |  | sunrise |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot craving=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | Kosala *not said here* | a fourfold army |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer army=Stimulus |
| 4 | **draw up** | participle |  | a fourfold army *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **clad** | participle | Kosala *not said here* |  |  | armor |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **stand** | gerund | Kosala *not said here* |  |  | a pleasant place |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location |
| 7 | **drink** | to-infinitive | Kosala *not said here* | the rinsings of swords |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rinsing=Patient |
| 8 | **rinse** |  |  | swords |  |  |  |  | nom rinsing «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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