---
title: And having approached, he said this to the Brahman who was the house… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And having approached, he said this to the Brahman who was the house-priest of Brahmadatta king of Kāsi: “Sir, your female friend is with child. Who acts: King, Brahman, female friend. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 5, sentence 170

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And having approached, he said this to the Brahman who was the house-priest of Brahmadatta king of Kāsi: “Sir, your female friend is with child.

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**Who acts:** King, Brahman, female friend · **What happens:** have, approach, say, be · **To what, where:** this, house priest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Brahman, female friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:5:176
# text = And having approached, he said this to the Brahman who was the house-priest of Brahmadatta king of Kāsi: “Sir, your female friend is with child.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
3	approached	approach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Brahman	Brahman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	acl:relcl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Brahmadatta	Brahmadatta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Kāsi	Kāsi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Sir	sir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
26	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | King *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **approach** | participle | King *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | King | this |  |  |  | to the Brahman; Sir and child *parataxis* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the Brahman | the house priest |  |  |  | of Brahmadatta king of Kāsi | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | your female friend |  |  |  |  | with child | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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