---
title: He grew up to be a fine big animal, acquired a retinue of eighty tho… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: He grew up to be a fine big animal, acquired a retinue of eighty thousand elephants, and becoming the leader of a herd, made his home in the Himālaya region. Who acts: Buddha. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 5, sentence 34

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He grew up to be a fine big animal, acquired a retinue of eighty thousand elephants, and becoming the leader of a herd, made his home in the Himālaya region.

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**Who acts:** Buddha · **What happens:** grow up, be, acquire, become, make · **To what, where:** fine big animal, retinue, leader, home, Himālaya region

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:5:36
# text = He grew up to be a fine big animal, acquired a retinue of eighty thousand elephants, and becoming the leader of a herd, made his home in the Himālaya region.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	retinue	retinue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	eighty	eighty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	_
16	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
20	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Himālaya	Himālaya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | past | Buddha |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | Buddha *not said here* | a fine big animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **acquire** | past | Buddha *not said here* | a retinue of thousand elephants |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset retinue=Theme |
| 4 | **become** | gerund |  | the leader of a herd |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | past | Buddha *not said here* | Buddha's home |  | the Himālaya region |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset home=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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