---
title: Then Brahmadatta king of Kāsi ordered his men: “Now then, take Dīghī… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Brahmadatta king of Kāsi ordered his men: “Now then, take Dīghīti king of Kosala with his consort, bind their arms tight behind their backs with a stout rope, shave their heads, and to the loud beating of a drum lead them about from street to street, from crossing to crossing, conduct them out 
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 6, sentence 27

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Then Brahmadatta king of Kāsi ordered his men: “Now then, take Dīghīti king of Kosala with his consort, bind their arms tight behind their backs with a stout rope, shave their heads, and to the loud beating of a drum lead them about from street to street, from crossing to crossing, conduct them out of the South gate, hack their bodies into four pieces south of the city, and throw the pieces in the four directions.”

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**Who acts:** Brahmadatta king · **What happens:** order, take, bind, shave, lead, cross · **To what, where:** men, Dīghīti king, arms, backs, heads, street · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Brahmadatta king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:6:27
# text = Then Brahmadatta king of Kāsi ordered his men: “Now then, take Dīghīti king of Kosala with his consort, bind their arms tight behind their backs with a stout rope, shave their heads, and to the loud beating of a drum lead them about from street to street, from crossing to crossing, conduct them out of the South gate, hack their bodies into four pieces south of the city, and throw the pieces in the four directions.”
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	Brahmadatta	Brahmadatta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Kāsi	Kāsi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
15	Dīghīti	Dīghīti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Kosala	Kosala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	consort	consort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	bind	bind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	tight	tight	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
27	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	stout	stout	ADJ	NN	Degree=Pos	33	compound	_	_
33	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	shave	shave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
36	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
47	lead	lead	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
48	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	obj	_	_
49	about	about	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
50	from	from	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
52	to	to	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
55	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	56	mark	_	_
56	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
57	to	to	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
60	conduct	conduct	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
61	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	60	obj	_	_
62	out	out	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
65	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	66	compound	_	_
66	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	68	punct	_	_
68	hack	hack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
69	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	70	nmod:poss	_	_
70	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	68	obj	_	_
71	into	into	ADP	IN	_	73	case	_	_
72	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	73	nummod	_	_
73	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	68	obl	_	_
74	south	south	ADV	RB	_	77	advmod	_	_
75	of	of	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
76	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
77	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	80	punct	_	_
79	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	80	cc	_	_
80	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
81	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	82	det	_	_
82	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	80	obj	_	_
83	in	in	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
84	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
85	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	86	nummod	_	_
86	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	80	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
88	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | Brahmadatta king of Kāsi |  | king's men |  | then |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent man=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | Dīghīti king of Kosala |  | then; now | with king's consort | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument king=Destination |
| 3 | **bind** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | men's arms |  | men's backs with a stout rope |  | tight *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 4 | **shave** *in a quote* | present |  | men's heads |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |
| 5 | **lead** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | men *= man* |  | street to street |  | to the loud beating of a drum; about *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to beating=Destination |
| 6 | **cross** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | crossing |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to crossing=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **conduct** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | men *= man* |  | the South gate |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme out gate=Destination |
| 8 | **hack** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | men's bodies |  | four pieces |  | of the city | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent body=Material into piece=Product |
| 9 | **throw** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the pieces |  | the four directions |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent piece=Theme in direction=Destination |
| 10 | **beat** *in a quote* |  |  | a drum |  |  |  |  | nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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