---
title: At these words those men said this to Dīghīti king of Kosala: “This… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: At these words those men said this to Dīghīti king of Kosala: “This Dīghīti king of Kosala is stark mad, and talks gibberish. Who acts: men, Dīghīti king. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 6, sentence 38

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At these words those men said this to Dīghīti king of Kosala: “This Dīghīti king of Kosala is stark mad, and talks gibberish.

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**Who acts:** men, Dīghīti king · **What happens:** say, be, talk · **To what, where:** this, Dīghīti king, words, gibberish · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, Dīghīti king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:6:38
# text = At these words those men said this to Dīghīti king of Kosala: “This Dīghīti king of Kosala is stark mad, and talks gibberish.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Dīghīti	Dīghīti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Kosala	Kosala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
16	Dīghīti	Dīghīti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Kosala	Kosala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	stark	stark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	talks	talk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	parataxis	_	_
26	gibberish	gibberish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | that men | this | Dīghīti king of Kosala | this words |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Topic to king=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | this Dīghīti king of Kosala |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **talk** *in a quote* | present |  | gibberish |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent gibberish=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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