---
title: Both kings met face to face in a single wagon-track leading through… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Both kings met face to face in a single wagon-track leading through a swamp. Who acts: kings, single wagon track. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 108

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Both kings met face to face in a single wagon-track leading through a swamp.

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**Who acts:** kings, single wagon track · **What happens:** meet, lead · **To what, where:** face, single wagon track, swamp

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings, single wagon track), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:113
# text = Both kings met face to face in a single wagon-track leading through a swamp.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	wagon	wagon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | both kings | face |  | a single wagon track |  | to face | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **lead** | gerund | a single wagon track *not said here* |  |  | a swamp |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent through swamp=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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