---
title: He discovered: “Both are lords of kingdoms three hundred leagues in… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: He discovered: “Both are lords of kingdoms three hundred leagues in extent; they are equals as regards army, wealth, and reputation; they are in the same position in respect of caste, race, and family.” Who acts: king, extent. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Openin
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 122

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He discovered: “Both are lords of kingdoms three hundred leagues in extent; they are equals as regards army, wealth, and reputation; they are in the same position in respect of caste, race, and family.”

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**Who acts:** king, extent · **What happens:** discover, be, respect · **To what, where:** lords, equals, same position, caste · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, extent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:127
# text = He discovered: “Both are lords of kingdoms three hundred leagues in extent; they are equals as regards army, wealth, and reputation; they are in the same position in respect of caste, race, and family.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	lords	lord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	_
11	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	leagues	league	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	equals	equal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	regards	regards	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	21	compound	_	_
21	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	reputation	reputation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
29	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	caste	caste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | both lords |  |  |  | of kingdoms; hundred leagues in extent *nmod* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | extent | equals and wealth and reputation |  |  |  | as regards army; wealth *conj*; reputation *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | extent |  |  | the same position and family |  | in respect of caste; race *nmod*; family *conj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **respect** *in a quote* |  |  | caste |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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