---
title: Hearing these words, King Mallika and his charioteer both got down f… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Hearing these words, King Mallika and his charioteer both got down from the chariot, unharnessed the horses, removed the chariot, and gave the road to the king of Benāres. Who acts: King. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 140

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Hearing these words, King Mallika and his charioteer both got down from the chariot, unharnessed the horses, removed the chariot, and gave the road to the king of Benāres.

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**Who acts:** King · **What happens:** hear, get down, unharness, remove, give · **To what, where:** words, chariot, horses, road, king

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:145
# text = Hearing these words, King Mallika and his charioteer both got down from the chariot, unharnessed the horses, removed the chariot, and gave the road to the king of Benāres.
1	Hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	Mallika	Mallika	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	charioteer	charioteer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	both	both	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	unharnessed	unharness	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	removed	remove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Benāres	Benāres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | gerund | King and king's charioteer *not said here* | this words |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 2 | **get down** | past | King and king's charioteer |  |  | the chariot |  | both, down *property* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **unharness** | past | King and king's charioteer *not said here* | the horses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **remove** | past | King and king's charioteer *not said here* | the chariot |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chariot=Theme |
| 5 | **give** | past | King and king's charioteer *not said here* | the road | the king of Benāres |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent road=Theme to king=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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