---
title: Having so said, he went to Benāres, gave alms and performed the othe… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having so said, he went to Benāres, gave alms and performed the other works of merit, and when his term of life was come to an end, fulfilled the Path to Heaven. Who acts: king, merit. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 142

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Having so said, he went to Benāres, gave alms and performed the other works of merit, and when his term of life was come to an end, fulfilled the Path to Heaven.

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**Who acts:** king, merit · **What happens:** have, say, go, give, perform, come · **To what, where:** Benāres, alms, other works, term, Path, Heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, merit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:147
# text = Having so said, he went to Benāres, gave alms and performed the other works of merit, and when his term of life was come to an end, fulfilled the Path to Heaven.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Benāres	Benāres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	alms	alm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	performed	perform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	merit	merit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go** | past | king |  |  | Benāres |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to benāres=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **give** | past | king *not said here* | alms |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alm=Theme |
| 5 | **perform** | past | king *not said here* | the other works of merit |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme |
| 6 | **come** | past · passive |  | king's term of life |  |  | to a end |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 7 | **fulfil** | past | king *not said here* | the Path | Heaven |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **work** |  | merit |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |
| 9 | **term** |  | king | life |  |  |  |  | nom term «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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