---
title: Having given alms and having performed the other works of merit, whe… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having given alms and having performed the other works of merit, when his term of life was come to an end, he also fulfilled the Path to Heaven. Who acts: king, merit. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 144

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Having given alms and having performed the other works of merit, when his term of life was come to an end, he also fulfilled the Path to Heaven.

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**Who acts:** king, merit · **What happens:** have, give, perform, come, fulfil, work · **To what, where:** given alms, performed other works, term, Path, life

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, merit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:149
# text = Having given alms and having performed the other works of merit, when his term of life was come to an end, he also fulfilled the Path to Heaven.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
2	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	alms	alm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	merit	merit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	also	also	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | king *not said here* | given alms |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alm=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | king *not said here* | the performed other works of merit |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Patient |
| 4 | **perform** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **come** | past · passive |  | king's term of life |  |  | to a end |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **fulfil** | past | king | the Path |  |  |  | to Heaven | tree rules |
| 7 | **work** |  | merit |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |
| 8 | **term** |  | king | life |  |  |  |  | nom term «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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