---
title: “Monk,” said the Teacher, “in former times wise men exerted themselv… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: “Monk,” said the Teacher, “in former times wise men exerted themselves on an occasion when it was necessary for them to exert themselves, and by so doing attained the glory of dominion.” Who acts: Monk, wise men, monks, dominion. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Ope
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 153

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“Monk,” said the Teacher, “in former times wise men exerted themselves on an occasion when it was necessary for them to exert themselves, and by so doing attained the glory of dominion.”

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**Who acts:** Monk, wise men, monks, dominion · **What happens:** say, exert, be, attain, glory · **To what, where:** monks, occasion, glory · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monk, wise men, monks, dominion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:160
# text = “Monk,” said the Teacher, “in former times wise men exerted themselves on an occasion when it was necessary for them to exert themselves, and by so doing attained the glory of dominion.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Teacher	Teacher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
13	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	exerted	exert	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	15	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	expl	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	ccomp	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	exert	exert	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	csubj	_	_
28	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
32	so	so	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	attained	attain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	dominion	dominion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Monk |  |  |  |  | the Teacher *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **exert** *in a quote* | past | wise men | monks *= monk* |  | a occasion | time |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | past | wise men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **exert** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | monks *= monk* | monks *= monk* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 5 | **attain** *in a quote* | gerund · do-support |  | the glory of dominion |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: glory=Theme |
| 6 | **glory** *in a quote* |  | dominion |  |  |  |  |  | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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