---
title: In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, the Future Buddha… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, the Future Buddha was an antelope and made his home in a certain thicket in a forest, not far from a certain lake. Who acts: Brahmadatta, Future Buddha. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its depe
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 16

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In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, the Future Buddha was an antelope and made his home in a certain thicket in a forest, not far from a certain lake.

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**Who acts:** Brahmadatta, Future Buddha · **What happens:** rule, be, make · **To what, where:** Benāres, antelope, home, certain thicket

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Brahmadatta, Future Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:18
# text = In times past, when Brahmadatta ruled at Benāres, the Future Buddha was an antelope and made his home in a certain thicket in a forest, not far from a certain lake.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
3	past	past	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	Brahmadatta	Brahmadatta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Benāres	Benāres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Future	Future	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	thicket	thicket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Brahmadatta |  |  | Benāres | time |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the Future Buddha | a antelope |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past | Brahmadatta *not said here* | Brahmadatta's home |  | a certain thicket |  | in a forest; far *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset home=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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