---
title: So he went back, lay down until the dawn came up, and when it was da… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: So he went back, lay down until the dawn came up, and when it was dawn, took his knife and went out. Who acts: bird, dawn, mind. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 44

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So he went back, lay down until the dawn came up, and when it was dawn, took his knife and went out.

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**Who acts:** bird, dawn, mind · **What happens:** go back, lay down, come up, be, take, go out · **To what, where:** dawn, knife

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird, dawn, mind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:46
# text = So he went back, lay down until the dawn came up, and when it was dawn, took his knife and went out.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
25	out	out	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past | bird |  |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lay down** | infinitive | bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come up** | past | the dawn |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | past | mind | dawn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** | past | dawn | bird's knife |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Theme |
| 6 | **go out** | past | dawn *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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