---
title: The hunter threw the tortoise into a sack and hung the sack on some… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: The hunter threw the tortoise into a sack and hung the sack on some stump or other. Who acts: hunter. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 52

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The hunter threw the tortoise into a sack and hung the sack on some stump or other.

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**Who acts:** hunter · **What happens:** throw, hang · **To what, where:** tortoise, sack, stump

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:54
# text = The hunter threw the tortoise into a sack and hung the sack on some stump or other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | the hunter | the tortoise |  |  |  | into a sack *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer tortoise=Theme into sack=Result |
| 2 | **hang** | past | the hunter *not said here* | the sack |  | some stump |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sack=Theme on stump=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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