---
title: He avoided the Four Evil Courses in rendering judgments. — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: He avoided the Four Evil Courses in rendering judgments. Who acts: Benāres. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 87

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He avoided the Four Evil Courses in rendering judgments.

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**Who acts:** Benāres · **What happens:** avoid, render · **To what, where:** Four Evil Courses, judgments

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Benāres), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:7:92
# text = He avoided the Four Evil Courses in rendering judgments.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	Evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Courses	course	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	rendering	render	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	judgments	judgment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | past | Benāres | the Four Evil Courses |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent course=Location |
| 2 | **render** | gerund | Benāres *not said here* | judgments |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judgment=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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