---
title: Having thus threatened him, the Future Buddha fitted to his bow an a… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having thus threatened him, the Future Buddha fitted to his bow an arrow steeped in deadly poison and let fly. Who acts: Future Buddha, arrow. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 11

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Having thus threatened him, the Future Buddha fitted to his bow an arrow steeped in deadly poison and let fly.

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**Who acts:** Future Buddha, arrow · **What happens:** have, threaten, fit, steep, let · **To what, where:** ogre, bow, fly

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha, arrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:11
# text = Having thus threatened him, the Future Buddha fitted to his bow an arrow steeped in deadly poison and let fly.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	threatened	threaten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Future	Future	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fitted	fit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	steeped	steep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	deadly	deadly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
21	fly	fly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | the Future Buddha *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **threaten** | past | the Future Buddha *not said here* | ogre |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 3 | **fit** | past | the Future Buddha |  |  |  |  | to Buddha's bow *goal* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent to bow=Goal |
| 4 | **steep** | past | a arrow |  |  |  |  | in deadly poison | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in poison=Instrument |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive | a arrow *not said here* | fly |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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